El valor de las Perdidas Netas Operativas
http://microcapclub.com/2013/08/value-net-operating-losses/
Suppose your company is a no growth company with a pre-tax return on equity of 10% that pays all their earnings to shareholders in the form of dividends. After paying 30% corporate income tax the company earns 7% on their equity and pays all the earnings to shareholders. That’s probably the right thing to do if you’re just earning 7% on your capital. If they have NOL as their friend, they earn 10% return on equity and shareholders earn a much nicer dividend that is 42.8% higher. If those NOL’s could last forever the untaxed company would be worth 42.8% more than the one paying 30% to the government every year. Tax NOL’s generally can be carried forward to offset future income for a maximum of 20 years. That’s a long time, but not forever, so our no growth companies value is enhanced somewhat less than 42.8% by NOL.
But what if your company is a growth stock? That is, they earn a high pre-tax return on equity and can reinvest earnings back into the company at the same high return on equity? Are the tax NOL’s worth more? You bet. Let’s compare two companies with a pre-tax ROE of 20% that are absolutely identical except one pays taxes for the next 20 years and the other does not. The book value of the company with the NOL’s in twenty years would increase by the factor (1 + 0.20)20 = 38.33 . The same company paying taxes at 30% each year would have a return on equity after taxes of just 14%. After 20 years the fully taxed company would have increased book value by a factor of (1 + 0.14)20 = 13.74. After 20 years the two companies are again equal in the eyes of Uncle Sam as the NOL’s have expired. However, the company that used their friend NOL is worth 38.33/13.74 = 2.79 times more than their tax-paying counterpart.
So you should mark up the value of any company with large NOL’s with 20-year expirations by a factor of almost three? Not so fast. First the valuation markup depends a lot on the return on equity. Highly profitable businesses with an opportunity to reinvest earnings at the same high rate benefit much more from NOL’s than their lower earning brethren. The chart below shows the markup factor as a function of after tax return on equity and the number of years before the NOL’s run out or expire.
Valor de las Perdidas Netas Operativas NOL´s